192 research outputs found
Solid-tumor mortality in the vicinity of uranium cycle facilities and nuclear power plants in Spain.
To ascertain solid tumor mortality in towns near Spain's four nuclear power plants and four nuclear fuel facilities from 1975 to 1993, we conducted a mortality study based on 12,245 cancer deaths in 283 towns situated within a 30-km radius of the above installations. As nonexposed areas, we used 275 towns lying within a 50- to 100-km radius of each installation, matched by population size and sociodemographic characteristics (income level, proportion of active population engaged in farming, proportion of unemployed, percentage of illiteracy, and province). Using log-linear models, we examined relative risk for each area and trends in risk with increasing proximity to an installation. The results reveal a pattern of solid-tumor mortality in the vicinity of uranium cycle facilities, basically characterized by excess lung [relative risk (RR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.25] and renal cancer mortality (RR 1.37, 95% CI, 1.07-1.76). Besides the effects of natural radiation, these results could well be evincing the influence on public health exerted by the environmental impact of mining. No such well-defined pattern appeared in the vicinity of nuclear power plants. Monitoring of cancer incidence and mortality is recommended in areas surrounding nuclear fuel facilities and nuclear power plants, and more specific studies are called for in areas adjacent to installations that have been fully operational for longer periods. In this regard, it is important to use dosimetric information in all future studies
Impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID inpatient care in southern Spain
We assessed the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID hospital admissions, non-COVID mortality, factors associated with non-COVID mortality, and changes in the profile of non-COVID patients admitted to hospital. We used the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set with diagnosis grouped according to the Diagnostic Related Groups. A total of 10,594 patients (3% COVID-19; 97% non-COVID) hospitalised during the first wave in 2020 (27-February/07-June) were compared with those hospitalised within the same dates of 2017-2019 (average annual admissions: 14,037). We found a decrease in non-COVID medical (22%) and surgical (33%) hospitalisations and a 25.7% increase in hospital mortality among non-COVID patients during the first pandemic wave compared to pre-pandemic years. During the officially declared sub-period of excess mortality in the area (17-March/20-April, in-hospital non-COVID mortality was even higher (58.7% higher than the pre-pandemic years). Non-COVID patients hospitalised during the first pandemic wave (compared to pre-pandemic years) were older, more frequently men, with longer hospital stay and increased disease severity. Hospitalisation during the first pandemic wave in 2020, compared to hospitalisation during the pre-pandemic years, was an independent risk factor for non-COVID mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.57, p = 0.008), reflecting the negative impact of the pandemic on hospitalised patients
XML-VM: An XML-Based Grid Computing Middleware
This paper describes a novel distributing computing middleware named XML-VM. Its architecture is inspired by the \u2018Grid Computing\u2019 paradigm. The proposed system improves many characteristics of previous Grid systems, in particular the description of the distributed computation, the distribution of the code and the execution times. XML is a markup language commonly used to interchange arbitrary data over the Internet. The idea behind this work is to use XML to describe algorithms; XML documents are distributed by means of XML-RPC, interpreted and executed using virtual machines. XML-VM is an assembly-like language, coded in XML. Parsing of XML-VM programs is performed with a fast SAX parser for JAVA. XML-VM interpreter is coded in JAVA. Several algorithms are written in XML-VM and executed in a distributed environment. Representative experimental results are reported
Phenotypic, molecular characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility and draft genome sequence of Corynebacterium argentoratense strains isolated from clinical samples
During a 12-year period we isolated five Corynebacterium argentoratense strains identified by phenotypic methods, including the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was determined, and genome sequencing for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes was performed. The organisms were isolated from blood and throat cultures and could be identified by all methods used. All strains were resistant to cotrimoxazole, and resistance to β-lactams was partly present. Two strains were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. The draft genome sequences of theses isolates revealed the presence of the erm(X) resistance gene that is embedded in the genetic structure of the transposable element Tn5423. Although rarely reported as a human pathogen, C. argentoratense can be involved in bacteraemia and probably in other infections. Our results also show that horizontal transfer of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance is occurring in this species.Supported in part by the Gerencia Regional de
Salud, Junta de Castilla y León, Spain (research project GRS
698/A/2011
Trends in incidence, mortality and survival in women with breast cancer from 1985 to 2012 in Granada, Spain: a population-based study
The incidence of breast cancer has increased since the 1970s. Despite favorable trends in prognosis,
the role of changes in clinical practice and the introduction of screening remain controversial. We examined breast
cancer trends to shed light on their determinants Overall, age-adjusted (European Standard Population) incidence rates increased from 48.0 cases × 100,000
women in 1985–1989 to 83.4 in 2008–2012, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 2.5% (95%CI, 2.1–2.9) for
1985–2012. The greatest increase was in women younger than 40 years (APC 3.5, 95%CI, 2.4–4.8). For 2000–2012
the incidence trend increased only for stage I tumors (APC 3.8, 95%CI, 1.9–5.8). Overall age-adjusted breast cancer
mortality decreased (APC − 1, 95%CI, − 1.4 – − 0.5), as did mortality in the 50–69 year age group (APC − 1.3, 95%CI,
− 2.2 – − 0.4). Age-standardized net survival increased from 67.5% at 5 years in 1985–1989 to 83.7% in 2010–2012.
All age groups younger than 70 years showed a similar evolution. Five-year net survival rates were 96.6% for
patients with tumors diagnosed in stage I, 88.2% for stage II, 62.5% for stage III and 23.3% for stage IV. Breast cancer incidence is increasing – a reflection of the evolution of risk factors and increasing
diagnostic pressure. After screening was introduced, the incidence of stage I tumors increased, with no decrease in
the incidence of more advanced stages. Reductions were seen for overall mortality and mortality in the 50–69 year
age group, but no changes were found after screening implementation. Survival trends have evolved favorably
except for the 70–84 year age group and for metastatic tumors.This study was supported by a grant from the Acción Estratégica en Salud
plan for the High Resolution Project on Prognosis and Care of Cancer
Patients (No. AC14/00036) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness and co-funded by the European Regional Development
Fund (ERDF)
Compliance with current dietary recommendations and geographical variability of diet in women participating in 7 screening programs for breast cancer in Spain
Introducción: Una dieta saludable es especialmente
importante durante la menopausia, periodo en el que
aumenta el riesgo de varios problemas de salud. Analizamos
la dieta de mujeres peri y postmenopáusicas españolas
y el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones
actuales.
Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en 3.574 mujeres
de 45-68 años que acuden al cribado de cáncer de
mama en 7 centros (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma
de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia y Zaragoza). Se recogió
la dieta mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos
validado para población española. Para la valoración
del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones actuales se
utilizaron los rangos recomendados por la Sociedad
Española de Nutrición Comunitaria para ingesta de grupos
de alimentos y las Ingestas Diarias Recomendadas
(IDR) para energía, vitaminas y minerales de la Federación
Española de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética.
Resultados: El 29% de las mujeres eran obesas y un
42% tenía sobrepeso. El aporte calórico medio fue de
2.053 kcal (DE: 480). El perfil calórico general fue de:
43% de la energía aportada por lo carbohidratos, 36%
por las grasas, 20% por las proteínas. Se evidenció una
ingesta deficiente de vitamina D en todos los nodos del
estudio, con una ingesta media general de 2,14 μg/día. Se
detectó a su vez una ingesta deficitaria de vitamina E en A
Coruña y Burgos. Todos los centros presentaron una
ingesta elevada de productos lácteos y de legumbres. El
consumo de frutas y verduras fue muy heterogéneo
siendo especialmente elevada su ingesta en Mallorca y
Valencia mientras que fue baja para ambos grupos de alimentos
en A Coruña. La ingesta de aceite de oliva fue elevada
en todos los centros exceptuando Burgos con un
74,3% de las mujeres estudiadas por debajo de las 3
raciones al día recomendadas.
Conclusiones: Una dieta con menos grasas y proteínas
y más rica en vegetales, frutos secos y alimentos ricos en
hidratos de carbono equilibraría el balance energético y
mejoraría la calidad de la dieta corrigiendo las bajas
ingestas de vitaminas D y E. Estas recomendaciones son
especialmente importantes en las ciudades más alejadas
de la costa mediterránea donde se han detectado mayores
incumplimientos de las recomendaciones vigentes y una
dieta más alejada de la dieta mediterránea.Introduction: A healthy diet is especially important
during menopause, a period which increases the risk of
various health problems. We analyzed the diet of periand
postmenopausal Spanish women and the degree of
compliance with current recommendations.
Material and methods: We studied 3574 women 45-68
years old who attended breast cancer screening programmes
in 7 centres (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos,
Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia and Zaragoza).
Diet information was collected using a food frequency
questionnaire validated for the Spanish population. For
the assessment of compliance with current guidelines we
used the recommendations by the Spanish Society of
Community Nutrition for food groups intake and by the
Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics for
energy, vitamins and minerals intake.
Results: The 29% of women were obese and 42% overweight.
The average caloric intake was 2.053 kcal (SD
480). The general energy profile was: 43% of the energy
from the carbohydrates, 36% from fats, and 20% from
proteins. There was a low vitamin D intake in all centres
of the study, with an overall mean intake of 2.14 mg/day.
A deficit of vitamin E intake in A Coruña and Burgos was
also detected. Intake of dairy products and vegetables
was high in all the study centers. The consumption of
fruits and vegetables was very heterogeneous, with high
intakes observed in Mallorca and Valencia and low for
both food groups in A Coruña. The olive oil intake was
high in all centers except Burgos with 74.3% of the
women studied below the recommended 3 servings per
day.
Conclusions: A diet with less fat and protein and a
higher consumption of vegetables, nuts and foods rich in
carbohydrate might balance the energy intake and
improve the quality of the diet correcting the low intakes
of vitamins D and E. These recommendations are especially
important in cities far from the Mediterranean
coast where more breaches have been detected over the
current recommendations with a lower adherence to the
Mediterranean diet.Este estudio ha recibido financiación del Fondo de
Investigación Sanitaria (proyecto PI060386) y de
Astra-Zéneca (convenio de colaboración entre Astra-
Zeneca y el Instituto de salud Carlos III 1306-1306
EPY
Tratado de derechos reales. Tomo II Propiedad y posesión
La presente investigación está referida
al análisis de los dos principales
derechos reales: la posesión
y la propiedad, y es la continuación de
la investigación concluida denominada
Tratado de derechos reales, tomo I, teoría
de los bienes y los derechos reales.
Esta parte de la investigación corresponde
al desarrollo de dos de sus principales
instituciones. Así, se comienza
con el análisis sociojurídico de la posesión
(poder hecho) como derecho transitorio
(temporal y momentáneo), para
luego entrar al desarrollo de la propiedad
(poder de derecho) como derecho
definitivo (permanente y total), ambas
instituciones reconocidas como situaciones
jurídicas de gran trascendencia
en las relaciones jurídicas patrimoniales,
protegidas por la ley a través de
mecanismos de defensa
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